Influenza A viruses occur worldwide in wild birds and are occasionally associated with
outbreaks in commercial chickens and turkeys. However, avian influenza viruses have not …

Background Avian influenza (AI) viruses infect numerous avian species, and low
pathogenicity (LP) AI viruses of the H7 subtype are typically reported to produce mild or …

In June of 2012, an H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus was identified as
the cause of a severe disease outbreak in commercial laying chicken farms in Mexico. The …

In early 2004, an H5N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) that met the molecular criteria for
classification as a highly pathogenic AIV was isolated from chickens in the state of Texas in …

Between 1997 and 2001, there was one report of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)
in the Western Hemisphere and Pacific Basin. In 1997, in New South Wales, Australia, an …

Between 2002 and 2005, three outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)
occurred in the Americas: one outbreak in Chile (H7N3) in 2002, one outbreak in the United …

Abstract Between December 2003 and January 2004 highly pathogenic avian influenza
(HPAI) H5N1 infections of poultry were declared in China, Japan, South Korea, Laos …

The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of H7 avian influenza virus (AIV)
isolated between 1994 and 2002 from live-bird markets (LBMs) in the northeastern United …

In 1918 the Spanish influenza pandemic, caused by an avian H1N1 virus, resulted in over
50 million deaths worldwide. Several outbreaks of H7 influenza A viruses have resulted in …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have occasionally infected humans, often
with severe outcomes. Reports of HPAI in dairy cattle and the detection of high titres of the …