Multidrug efflux pumps can be involved in bacterial resistance to antibiotics at different
levels. Some efflux pumps are constitutively expressed at low levels and contribute to …

Multidrug efflux pumps have emerged as relevant elements in the intrinsic and acquired
antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens. In contrast with other antibiotic resistance genes …

Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps are antibiotic resistance determinants present in all
microorganisms. With few exceptions, they are chromosomally encoded and present a …

Infections arising from multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria are spreading rapidly
throughout the world and threaten to become untreatable. The origins of resistance are …

Multidrug efflux pumps are inner membrane transporters that export multiple antibiotics from
the inside to the outside of bacterial cells, contributing to bacterial multidrug resistance …

Multidrug efflux pumps constitute a group of transporters that are ubiquitously found in any
organism. In addition to other functions with relevance for the cell physiology, efflux pumps …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) refers to the capability of bacterial pathogens to withstand lethal
doses of structurally diverse drugs which are capable of eradicating non-resistant strains …

Multidrug efflux pumps function at the frontline to protect bacteria against antimicrobials by
decreasing the intracellular concentration of drugs. This protective barrier consists of a …

Antibiotics are vital to modern medicine. However, bacterial resistance constitutes a growing
threat to effective antimicrobial therapy worldwide. Indeed, antimicrobial resistance …

Gram-negative bacteria express a plethora of efflux pumps that are capable of transporting
structurally varied molecules, including antibiotics, out of the bacterial cell. This efflux lowers …