Since first presented by Shepard and Metzler, Science 1971, 171: 701–703, mental rotation
has been described as a rotary transformation of a visual stimulus allowing it to be …

The times required for encoding, mental rotation, and comparison of unfamiliar stimuli
(patterns of filled-in squares in a 3× 3 matrix) were found to increase with stimulus …

The original studies of mental rotation estimated rates of imagining rotations that were much
slower when two simultaneously portrayed three-dimensional shapes were to be compared …

Four experiments are reported that investigate whether images or reference frames are
transformed during a mental rotation task. In all experiments a display of four identical letters …

Subjects imagined a designated two-dimensional shape rotating within a blank, circular field
at a self-determined rate. At some point during the mental rotation, a test shape was …

Abstract In two experiments, 9-and 10-year-olds and adults were tested on a mental rotation
task in which they judged whether stimuli presented in different orientations were letters or …

Abstract Shepard and Metzler's (1971) seminal mental-rotation task—which requires
participants to decide if 1 object is a rotated version of another or its mirror image—has …

Recent studies have shown that response time in mental rotation increases with the angular
deviation between the current and preceding stimuli, suggesting a frame rotation process in …

For mental rotation, introspection, theories, and interpretations of experimental results imply
a certain type of mental representation, namely, visual mental images. Characteristics of the …

Examined which of the 2 strategies—image rotation and frame rotation—transpires in a
mental rotation task and whether the choice of strategy may be affected by experimental …