In the simulation of skiing the force between ski and snow is a decisive factor. We
decompose the reaction force into a penetration force normal to the snow surface, a shear …

Winter sports have developed tremendously during the last century. This increased
popularity has not only generated significant industrial activities, but has also boosted …

Skiing sports have experienced a significant boost in the 1990s when the classical ski
geometry was replaced by a deep side cut ski, the carving ski. The geometrical and …

Control during alpine skiing is achieved principally through the mechanical interaction
between the ski and the snow. In that the nature of this interaction is basically a cutting or …

Resistance forces from the surface of snow acting on an alpine ski–skier system make the
turning motion of the system possible. When the system has high velocity, the snow …

The friction of skis on snow appears to be affected by numerous factors, for example, speed,
contact area, snow type (temperature, liquid-water content, hardness, texture), and ski …

Two outstanding questions of the ski–snow friction are considered: the deformation mode of
the snow and the real contact area. The deformation of hard, well sintered snow in a short …

Changing snow conditions are considered a potential key injury risk factor among World
Cup (WC) Alpine ski racing stakeholders (Spörri, 2012). The change between aggressive …

Material properties, such as ski stiffness, can be evaluated by field experiments or simulation
calculations. Field measurements benefit from closeness to reality, but often are difficult to …

In Alpine skiing, it is well known that the turns of a skier are influenced by geometrical and
mechanical properties of the skis (side cut, camber, stiffness, damping), properties of the …