Gram-positive bacteria express numerous membrane transporters that promote the efflux of
various drugs, including many antibiotics, from the cell to the outer medium. Drug …

Broadly specific, so-called multidrug, efflux mechanisms are now known to contribute
significantly to intrinsic and acquired multidrug resistance in a number of Gram-negative …

Antibiotics are vital to modern medicine. However, bacterial resistance constitutes a growing
threat to effective antimicrobial therapy worldwide. Indeed, antimicrobial resistance …

Gram-positive organisms are responsible for some of the most serious of human infections.
Resistance to front-line antimicrobial agents can complicate otherwise curative therapy …

A set of multidrug efflux systems enables Gram‐negative bacteria to survive in a hostile
environment. This review focuses on the structural features and the mechanism of major …

Resistance of microorganisms to many classes of antibiotics and other drugs is a major
problem throughout the world. This antimicrobial resistance can be mediated by various …

Multidrug efflux transporters are normal constituents of bacterial cells. These transporters
are major contributors to intrinsic resistance of bacteria to many anti-microbial agents. In …

Pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria which are causative agents of infectious disease and
harbor effective drug resistance mechanisms may confound treatment in human clinical …

Drug efflux pumps play a key role in drug resistance and also serve other functions in
bacteria. There has been a growing list of multidrug and drug-specific efflux pumps …

Multidrug efflux systems endow on bacterial cells the ability to limit the access of
antimicrobial agents to their targets. By actively pumping out antibiotic molecules, these …