Low-intensity, pulsed infrared light provides a novel nerve stimulation modality that avoids
the limitations of traditional electrical methods such as necessity of contact, presence of a …

A novel method for damage-free, artifact-free stimulation of neural tissue using pulsed, low-
energy infrared laser light is presented. Optical stimulation elicits compound nerve and …

The traditional approach to modulating brain function (in both clinical and basic science
applications) is to tap into the neural circuitry using electrical currents applied via implanted …

This paper reviews the existing research on infrared neural stimulation, a means of
artificially stimulating neurons that has been proposed as an alternative to electrical …

Significance: Infrared neural stimulation (INS) utilizes pulsed infrared light to selectively elicit
neural activity without exogenous compounds. Despite its versatility in a broad range of …

Our capacity to interface with the nervous system remains overwhelmingly reliant on
electrical stimulation devices, such as electrode arrays and cuff electrodes that can stimulate …

Neuronal responses to infrared neural stimulation (INS) are explored at the single cell level
using patch-clamp electrophysiology. We examined membrane and synaptic responses of …

Infrared neural stimulation (INS) has been well characterized in the peripheral nervous
system, and has been shown to enable stimulation with high spatial precision and without …

Pulsed infrared light has shown promise as an alternative to electrical stimulation in
applications where contact free or high spatial precision stimulation is desired. Infrared …

For more than a century, the traditional method of stimulating neural activity has been based
on electrical methods, and it remains the gold standard to date. We report a technological …