Translation of a gene is assumed to be efficient if the supply of the tRNAs that translate it is
high. Yet high-abundance tRNAs are often also at high demand since they correspond to …

The synthesis of protein from messenger RNA during translation is a highly dynamic process
that plays a key role in controlling the efficiency and fidelity of genome-wide protein …

The translation of mRNA in all forms of life uses a three-nucleotide codon and aminoacyl-
tRNAs to synthesize a protein. There are 64 possible codons in the genetic code, with …

Background The speed of translation elongation is primarily determined by the abundance
of tRNAs. Thus, the codon usage influences the rate with which individual mRNAs are …

The regulation of gene expression in response to stress is an essential cellular protection
mechanism. Recent advances in tRNA modification analysis and genome-based codon bias …

Cells adapt to stress by altering gene expression at multiple levels. Here, we propose a new
mechanism regulating stress-dependent gene expression at the level of translation, with …

The genetic code is degenerate. Each amino acid is encoded by up to six synonymous
codons; the choice between these codons influences gene expression. Here, we show that …

In this work we have described the translatome of two mammalian cell lines, NIH3T3 and
Jurkat, by scoring the relative polysome association of∼ 10,000 mRNA under normal and …

Decoding the information in mRNA during protein synthesis relies on tRNA adaptors, the
abundance of which can affect the decoding rate and translation efficiency. To determine …

Translation of protein from mRNA is a complex multi-step process that occurs at a non-
uniform rate. Variability in ribosome speed along an mRNA enables refinement of the …