Background Artificial intelligence (AI) holds tremendous potential to reduce surgical risks
and improve surgical assessment. Machine learning, a subfield of AI, can be used to …

Introduction and objective Real-time artificial intelligence (AI) annotation of the surgical field
has the potential to automatically extract information from surgical videos, helping to create a …

Background The increasing use of robot-assisted surgery (RAS) has led to the need for new
methods of assessing whether new surgeons are qualified to perform RAS, without the …

Surgical tool detection is attracting increasing attention from the medical image analysis
community. The goal generally is not to precisely locate tools in images, but rather to …

AI is becoming ubiquitous, revolutionizing many aspects of our lives. In surgery, it is still a
promise. AI has the potential to improve surgeon performance and impact patient care, from …

Autonomous robotic surgery has advanced significantly based on analysis of visual and
temporal cues in surgical workflow, but relational cues from domain knowledge remain …

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative tool movement data have been demonstrated to be clinically
useful in quantifying surgical performance. However, collecting this information from …

The ability to automatically detect and track surgical instruments in endoscopic videos can
enable transformational interventions. Assessing surgical performance and efficiency …

Background For autonomous robot‐delivered surgeries to ever become a feasible option,
we recommend the combination of human‐centered artificial intelligence (AI) and …

Surgical skills can be improved by continuous surgical training and feedback, thus reducing
adverse outcomes while performing an intervention. With the advent of new technologies …