Background. Tissue damage caused by COVID‐19 could be detected by several clinical
indicators including hematological, immunological, biochemical, and inflammatory markers …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) caused Coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID‑19) in early December, 2019. The disease begins as a respiratory …

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, it has rapidly
spread across many other countries. While the majority of patients were considered mild …

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune and inflammatory responses
in COVID-19 patients by dosing specific IgM and IgG total antibodies and interleukin 6 …

Background: The cytokine storm is a complication related to SARS-CoV-2 infection
worldwide. This study aimed to address the level of three cytokines which were interleukin-1 …

Introduction In coronavirus disease (COVID-19), inflammation takes center stage, with a
cascade of cytokines released, contributing to both inflammation and lung damage. The …

Background The current coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) was caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is characterized by atypical …

Accumulating evidence supports that the viral-induced hyper-inflammatory immune
response plays a central role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. It might be involved in the …

Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is produced at varying
levels in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The neutrophil–lymphocyte …

Background: Corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has high infectivity and mortality rate.
Covid-19 patients can suddenly deteriorate and develop life threatening complications …