Cellular efficiency in protein translation is an important fitness determinant in rapidly growing
organisms. It is widely believed that synonymous codons are translated with unequal …

Although the genetic code is redundant, synonymous codons for the same amino acid are
not used with equal frequencies in genomes, a phenomenon termed “codon usage bias.” …

Synonymous codons encode the same amino acid, but differ in other biophysical properties.
The evolutionary selection of codons whose properties are optimal for a cell generates the …

Codon usage bias is a universal feature of eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes and has
been proposed to regulate translation efficiency, accuracy, and protein folding based on the …

The choice of codons can influence local translation kinetics during protein synthesis.
Whether codon preference is linked to cotranslational regulation of polypeptide folding …

In many unicellular organisms, invertebrates, and plants, synonymous codon usage biases
result from a coadaptation between codon usage and tRNAs abundance to optimize the …

Translation elongation efficiency is largely thought of as the sum of decoding efficiencies for
individual codons. Here, we find that adjacent codon pairs modulate translation efficiency …

Codon usage biases are found in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes and have been
proposed to regulate different aspects of translation process. Codon optimality has been …

Genetic code redundancy allows most amino acids to be encoded by multiple codons that
are non-randomly distributed along coding sequences. An accepted theory explaining the …

Background The speed of translation elongation is primarily determined by the abundance
of tRNAs. Thus, the codon usage influences the rate with which individual mRNAs are …