The topic of animal motivation deals with how and why animals engage in particular
activities: what mechanisms inside the animal generate behaviour, how stimuli from the …

The aim of this paper is to investigate the question of whether there exist needs to perform
particular behaviours when the physiological needs of the animal are taken care of …

Motivational states include thirst, hunger, fear and the urges to migrate, mate, nest-build and
dust bathe. These motivations are internal states which vary in magnitude from one moment …

Think of observing animal behaviour and consider the different activities in which animals
engage: mating, feeding, sleeping and grooming, etc. What are the determinants of these …

The study of animal behaviour, particularly from evolutionary and ecological viewpoints, has
been one of the major growing points in biology over the last 10 to 15 years. The degree of …

Why should a student of cognitive science be interested in the combination of topics,
motivation and cognition, in animals? In recent years, the study of animal cognition has …

Behavioral needs may be defined as behaviors that are motivated largely by internal stimuli
and, if an animal is prevented from performing them for prolonged periods, the individual's …

The types of actions I have described above as “emotional” and “motivational” are all
common to most higher species of animals and have a clear biological utility for coping with …

We animals have our drastic differences, but almost all of us—from amoe-bas to humans—
have at least one behavioral imperative in common: We almost all have to go out and get the …

This paper discusses some problems concerning the measurement of behaviour variables
in general. However, to place the issues in context, discussion is centred on recent …