Skiing manufacturers depend on the development of new skis on trial and error cycles and
extensive product testing. Simulation tools, such as the finite element method, might be able …

Winter sports have developed tremendously during the last century. This increased
popularity has not only generated significant industrial activities, but has also boosted …

For ski manufacturers, it is important to know how a given ski-binding system performs under
different loading conditions. Important performance parameters are the ski deformation and …

The macroscopic contact area between ski and snow and the contact pressure are crucial
influencing factors for carved turns in Alpine skiing. In the present paper, a simulation model …

Carved turns with alpine skis are investigated. During the movement of a ski, snow is loaded
and unloaded. Compacted snow is not elastic, ie deformations remain. Such effects are …

A ski–snow interaction model is presented. The force between ski and snow is decomposed
into a penetration force normal to the snow surface, a shear force parallel to it, and friction …

A model was developed to calculate the turning characteristics of alpine skis. The skis
considered are constructed of layers of materials which may include wood, foam, metal …

Material properties, such as ski stiffness, can be evaluated by field experiments or simulation
calculations. Field measurements benefit from closeness to reality, but often are difficult to …

When skiing, excessive ski vibrations can affect comfort, control and performance. Through
the years, much efforts have been invested in understanding and reducing these ski …

Resistance forces from the surface of snow acting on an alpine ski–skier system make the
turning motion of the system possible. When the system has high velocity, the snow …