Background: Structural heart disease, including valvular disease as well as congenital
defects, causes important alterations in heart anatomy. As a result, individualised planning …

In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) printed models have been incorporated into
cardiology because of their potential usefulness in enhancing understanding of congenital …

Cardiovascular 3-dimensional printing refers to the fabrication of patients' specific cardiac
anatomic replicas based on volumetric imaging data sets obtained by echocardiography …

OBJECTIVES In individual cases, routine preoperative imaging might not be sufficient for
optimal planning of cardiovascular procedures. Three-dimensional printing (3D), a widely …

Abstract 3D printing technology can be applied to practically every aspect of modern life,
fulfilling the needs of people from various backgrounds. The utilization of 3D printing in the …

Background and aim: To evaluate the accuracy of the three-dimensional (3D) printing of
cardiovascular structures. To explore whether utilisation of 3D printed heart replicas can …

Background: 3D printing represents an emerging technology in the field of cardiovascular
medicine. 3D printing can help to perform a better analysis of complex anatomies to optimize …

Summary Three-dimensional (3D)-printing technologies in cardiovascular surgery have
provided a new way to tailor surgical and percutaneous treatments. Digital information from …

3D cardiovascular models are an accurate representation of the patient's anatomy and have
a huge potential in the field of intervention in structural heart disease. Its applications range …

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a process leading to the creation of a physical 3D model
used for teaching, patient education, device evaluation, and procedural planning. 3D printed …