Energy efficiency and balancing is one of the primary challenges for wireless sensor
networks (WSNs) since the tiny sensor nodes cannot be easily recharged once they are …

Traffic patterns in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) usually follow a many-to-one model.
Sensor nodes close to static sinks will deplete their limited energy more rapidly than other …

Energy efficiency is crucial for large scale sensor networks due to the intrinsic resource
constraints of the wireless sensors and the infeasibility to change depleted batteries that …

Cluster-based hierarchical routing protocols play an essential role in decreasing the energy
consumption of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A low-energy adaptive clustering …

Many energy aware routing algorithms and protocols have been proposed for wireless
sensor networks recently to achieve aims like minimum energy consumption, maximized …

The energy consumption is a key design criterion for the routing protocols in wireless sensor
networks (WSN). Some of the conventional single path routing schemes may not be optimal …

Energy efficient routing is one of the key design issues to prolong the lifetime of wireless
sensor networks (WSNs) since sensor nodes can not be easily re-charged once they are …

Abstract With efficient routing, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can provide the
continuous transmission with improved lifetime. Different routing protocols account for the …

Cost function based routing has been widely studied in wireless sensor networks for energy
efficiency improvement and network lifetime elongation. However, due to the complexity of …

Wireless sensor network (WSN) typically consists of a large number of low cost wireless
sensor nodes which collect and send various messages to a base station (BS). WSN nodes …