The discovery of bacterial efflux pumps significantly advanced our understanding of how
bacteria can resist cytotoxic compounds that they encounter. Within the structurally and …

Highlights•Polyspecificity of bacterial RND efflux pumps is the key to environmental
versatility and antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria.•Synergy with the outer …

Multidrug-resistance efflux pumps—in particular those belonging to the resistance-
nodulation-cell-division (RND) family of transporters, with their unusually high degree of …

Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are a global threat with many common infections
becoming increasingly difficult to eliminate. While significant effort has gone into the …

Rresistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria remove
multiple, structurally distinct classes of antimicrobials from inside bacterial cells therefore …

Multidrug efflux transporters of the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) superfamily are
one of the main causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Gram-negative bacteria. These …

The discovery of antibiotics represented a key milestone in the history of medicine. However,
with the rise of these life-saving drugs came the awareness that bacteria deploy defense …

Infectious bacteria have both intrinsic and acquired mechanisms to combat harmful biocides
that enter the cell. Through adaptive pressures, many of these pathogens have become …

Drug efflux pumps transport antimicrobial agents out of bacteria, thereby reducing the
intracellular antimicrobial concentration, which is associated with intrinsic and acquired …

The rise of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria presents a grave challenge to
global public health, with antimicrobial resistance ranking as the third leading cause of …