Courts have gone far during the last fifteen years to ensure black participation'in the ranks of
the work force. Blacks have gained access to industries and crafts traditionally closed to …

The theory of disparate impact is the single most important judicial contribution to title VII of
the Civil Rights Act of 1964.'In enacting title VII, Congress extended the constitutional …

" We asked for workers, but people came."'Workers have lives off the job and life stories that
precede it. This basic point confounds efforts to treat" the labor market" as a sphere unto …

When Congress outlawed employment discrimination in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of
1964, 1 it neither specified a particular definition of discrimination, 2 nor articulated a clear …

The objective of Congress in the enactment of Title VII [of the Civil Rights Act of 1964] is
plain from the language of the statute. It was to achieve equality of employment opportunities …

The first serious steps at both the federal and state level to combat employment
discrimination directed against American blacks were taken in the 1940s. I Outside the …

Congress enacted Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 19641 in order to" achieve equality of
employment opportunities and remove barriers that have operated in the past to favor an …

Nancy E. Dowd* Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act1 prohibits employment discrimination in
the broadest possible terms. As the Supreme Court stated in Griggs v. Duke Power Co., 2"[t] …

Race, Gender, Work, and Choice: An Empirical Study of the Lack of Interest Defense in Title VII
Cases Challenging Job Segregatio Page 1 Race, Gender, Work, and Choice: An Empirical …

The racial gap... can only be closed by recognizing it, and by recognizing why it exists* That
will not come to pass as long as we insist on dividing people into different camps and then …