An object's shading is determined by its shape and position, by its surface reflectance
properties, and by the pattern of illumination. Many studies of shading focus on the recovery …

The perception of surface relief from random shading patterns is measured by having
observers adjust three-dimensional local probes, the projections of which are superimposed …

People readily perceive smooth luminance variations as being due to the shading produced
by undulations of a 3-D surface (shape-from-shading). In doing so, the visual system must …

Two experiments are reported which demonstrate the effects of light-source position as an
intervening variable upon the perception of relief in pictures. In the first experiment, it is …

The luminance of a surface results from the combined effect of its reflectance (albedo) and
its conditions of illumination. Luminance can be directly observed, but reflectance and …

Background Many everyday objects fall in the categories of ex tremely shiny or extremely
non-shiny. Mirrors, silver ware, Christmas-tree balls, and black glass reflect clear, but …

We consider techniques used in the articulation of pictorial relief. The related 'cue'best
known to vision science is 'shading'. It is discussed in terms of an inverse optics algorithm …

Two experiments are reported in which observers judged the sign and magnitude of surface
curvature from shaded images of an indoor scene. The depicted surfaces were illuminated …

The perception of shading-defined form results from an interaction between shading cues
and the frames of reference within which those cues are interpreted. In the absence of a …

People are able to perceive the 3D shape of illuminated surfaces using image shading cues.
Theories about how we accomplish this often assume that the human visual system …