The horizontal and vertical stand structure of living trees was examined in a managed and in
a primeval spruce (Picea abies) dominated forest in southern Finland. Tree size distributions …

The tree species composition, vertical stratification and patterns of spatial autocorrelation at
the tree and quadrate (25× 25 m) scales were studied in a natural mature PinuS sylvestris …

The analysis of spatial patterns is one of the ways to estimate the role of competition among
trees in forest dynamics. Three hypotheses concerning distribution patterns in old‐growth …

Current knowledge of the within-site variability of major stand structural features in beech
dominated natural forests is limited. Numerous studies have used just several small plots for …

Unlike many studies on the stand structure of European beech-dominated natural forests we
explicitly examined the spatial variability of six general stand characteristics: density, basal …

Abstract The „structure “and “diversity” of a forest may be defined by the spatial distribution of
the tree positions, by the particular mingling patterns of the different tree species which occur …

The characteristics and variability of tree diameter distributions were studied in natural and
managed old Pinus sylvestris L.-dominated forests in the middle boreal vegetation zone of …

Structural changes were analysed in two virgin forest stands by comparing tree data
collected in 1922 and 1994. One stand was dominated by pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), while …

Fire history and stand structure was examined in twelve virgin forest stands situated within
forest reserves in northern Sweden. The selected stands represented fire refuges as well as …

The spatial pattern of seedlings, saplings and canopy trees was studied in two spruce (Picea
abies (L.) Karst.) forests in central Sweden. Canopy and forest structure were determined in …