Abstract Three‐dimensional (3D) printing has shown great promise in medicine with
increasing reports in congenital heart disease (CHD). This systematic review aims to …

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in congenital cardiology and cardiac surgery
has experienced a rapid development over the last decade. In presence of complex cardiac …

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has become increasingly used in the medical
field, with reports demonstrating its superior advantages in both educational and clinical …

In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) printed models have been incorporated into
cardiology because of their potential usefulness in enhancing understanding of congenital …

The aim of this paper is to summarize and evaluate results from existing studies on accuracy
and clinical value of three-dimensional printed heart models (3DPHM) for determining …

Objective Current diagnostic assessment tools remain suboptimal in demonstrating complex
morphology of congenital heart disease (CHD). This limitation has posed several challenges …

Complex unrepaired congenital heart disease requires extensive planning to determine the
optimal procedural approach. Conventional noninvasive diagnostic imaging initially …

Patient-specific three-dimensional (3D) printed models have been increasingly used in
cardiology and cardiac surgery, in particular, showing great value in the domain of …

Background 3D printing is an ideal manufacturing process for creating patient-matched
models (anatomical models) for surgical and interventional planning. Cardiac anatomical …

Current visualization techniques of complex congenital heart disease (CHD) are unable to
provide comprehensive visualization of the anomalous cardiac anatomy as the medical …