Mechanical deformation in incompressible linear and nonlinear magnetic materials was
evaluated using various conventional electromagnetic volume and surface force density …

This paper emphasizes on the magnetic charge method to determine the magnetic force
density due to mechanical deformation for nonlinear magnetic materials. For incompressible …

Three different Kelvin force expressions were expanded by incorporating the virtual air-gap
scheme to calculate the total force and the distributions of force density. Conventionally, the …

In magnetic systems, electromagnetic force density distribution may cause mechanical
deformation, which results in the mechanical noise and vibration. The electromagnetic force …

Local force distribution is required to evaluate the deformation and vibration of a core in an
electrical machine using the mechanical analysis. In the local force calculation, the …

Force density calculus in permanent magnets and other nonlinear magnetic media is still a
challenge despite two hundred years of electromagnetic theory. While generally accepted …

By the virtual work method, the electromagnetic force distribution can be calculated either by
using the energy or the co-energy. In a rigid permanent magnet, the obtained force densities …

A couple of fundamental formulae are demonstrated in this paper, which allow a systematic
algebraic derivation of local electromagnetic forces in any material, starting from the …

Magnetostatic forces computation can be done numerically through Finite Element Analysis
by applying the virtual works method on either the energy or the co-energy. They can also …

Force calculations based on numerical field solutions represent an important step in the
design of many electro-magneto-mechanical devices. Ensuring that the calculated forces …