New fuel economy standards intensify the power train development for more fuel efficient
vehicles worldwide. Different approaches are utilized to improve the fuel efficiency of …

Future emission standards will require further reduction of harmful gaseous emissions such
as HC, CO and NOx as well as consideration for greenhouse gas emissions such as CO₂ …

Driven by concerns on deteriorating ambient air quality, measures are being taken across
the world to adopt and enforce tighter vehicular emission regulations to minimise tailpipe …

In an era of rapidly increasing vehicle electrification, the gasoline engine remains a vital part
of the passenger car powertrain portfolio. Lean-burn combustion is a formidable means for …

The introduction of gasoline direct injection technology into the European market will
depend mainly on the availability of an effective and durable aftertreatment system, in order …

Today turbo-Diesel powertrains offering low fuel consumption and good low-end torque
comprise a significant fraction of the light-duty vehicle market in Europe. Global CO ₂ …

Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines can play an important role in future powertrain
concepts. They show potential for enhanced fuel economy and at the same time fulfill …

To meet future emission levels the industry is trying to reduce tailpipe emissions by both,
engine measures and the development of novel aftertreatment concepts. The present study …

There is a great deal of interest in new technologies to assist in reducing the CO2 output of
passenger vehicles, as part of the drive to meet the limits agreed by the EU and the …

Abstract− Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines have superiority over Port Fuel Injection
(PFI) engines on fuel economy at the expense of extra emissions, especially NOx. In lean …