The quantitative use of atomic force microscopes in lateral mode for friction measurements
has been limited by uncertainty about reliable calibration techniques. This article describes …

Presented here is a novel technique for the in situ calibration and measurement of friction
with the atomic force microscope that can be applied simultaneously with the normal force …

A proof-of-concept study is presented for a prototype atomic force microscope (AFM)
cantilever and associated calibration procedure that provide a path for quantitative friction …

We present a direct one-step technique to measure the torsional spring constant of
cantilevers used for lateral or friction measurements with the atomic force microscope. The …

The atomic force microscope can provide information on the atomic‐level frictional
properties of surfaces, but reproducible quantitative measurements are difficult to obtain …

A number of atomic force microscopy cantilevers have been exhaustively calibrated by a
number of techniques to obtain both normal and frictional force constants to evaluate the …

A calibration method is described for colloidal probe cantilevers that enables friction force
measurements obtained using lateral force microscopy (LFM) to be quantified. The method …

In atomic force and frictional force microscopy, quantitative interpretation of lateral stiffness
at the tip-sample contact requires a detailed understanding of all factors contributing to the …

An atomic force microscope capable of measuring, simultaneously yet separately, lateral ("
frictional") and normal forces is described. A direction-dependent feature, absent in …

An analysis of the contact mechanics and the forces of interaction in lateral force microscopy
measurements is presented. This analysis allows for a new method of interpretation of the …