A basic but comprehensive theory and terminology that applies to all different types of
contacts in silicon solar cells has, thus far, been elusive. In this paper, we show that, while …

To further increase the conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells it is vital to
reduce the recombination losses between the photoactive part of the solar cell and the metal …

The year 2014 marks the point when silicon solar cells surpassed the 25% efficiency mark.
Since then, all devices exceeding this mark, both small and large area, with contacts on both …

Highly doped junctions of a Si solar cell function as membranes that block minority carriers
and, at the same time, provide a high conductivity for transporting majority carriers to the …

The successful realization of carrier-selective contacts is a crucial prerequisite to
approaching the theoretical efficiency limit of silicon solar cells. The herein proposed carrier …

To further increase the conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells, it is vital to
reduce the recombination losses associated with the contacts. Therefore, a contact structure …

In the first part of this paper, we review the developments which led to the present state-of-
the-art in the surface passivation of today's industrially predominant dopant-diffused …

The development of efficient contact schemes curtailing losses due to recombination at
directly metalized contacts is the final remaining bottleneck towards approaching the …

Heterojunction carrier selective contacts for solar cells have gained great attention because
of the ability of these contacts to efficiently collect majority carriers while hindering the …

Effective passivating and carrier-selective contacts are based on the deposition of thin-film
systems on the silicon wafer which results in a spatial decoupling of carrier generation and …