Cigarette smoke contains more than 4500 chemicals which have toxic, mutagenic and
carcinogenic effects. Strong evidences have shown that current smokers take a significantly …

Smoking is one of the major lifestyle factors influencing the health of human beings. Life-
long cigarette smokers have a higher prevalence of common diseases such as …

The influence of tobacco smoke on human health is still an important problem worldwide.
Complex inflammatory processes and changes in the immune system are crucial in the …

This is a comprehensive review on the harmful health effects of cigarette smoking. Tobacco
smoking is a reprehensible habit that has spread all over the world as an epidemic. It …

Background: Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for several diseases, including cardiovascular
disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer, but the role of specific …

A large volume of data has accumulated on the issues of tobacco and health worldwide. The
relationship between tobacco use and health stems initially from clinical observations about …

Cigarette smoke (CS) poses a significant risk factor for respiratory, vascular, and organ
diseases owing to its high content of harmful chemicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) …

Tobacco smoking is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and
atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These diseases share common …

Tobacco smoking remains the most established cause of lung carcinogenesis and other
disease processes. Over the last 50 years, tobacco refinement and the introduction of filters …

Although tobacco has been used in Western culture forw400 yrs, inhalative cigarette
smoking is a relatively new development. It was during the 20th century that cigarette …