Shading is an important shape cue. Theories of'shape from shading'assume that the
shading is due to collimated beams irradiating opaque smooth Lambertian surface. Many …

An object's shading is determined by its shape and position, by its surface reflectance
properties, and by the pattern of illumination. Many studies of shading focus on the recovery …

The darker-is-deeper heuristic was originally proposed by Langer and Zucker (1994) for
approximating 3D shape from shading under conditions of diffuse illumination that typically …

One of the first attempts to develop a formal model of depth cue integration is to be found in
Maloney and Landy's [(1989) Proceedings of the SPIE: Visual communications and image …

The human visual system is remarkably adept at extracting the three-dimensional (3D)
shape of surfaces from images of smoothly shaded surfaces (shape from shading). Most …

Shape from shading schemes are based on the assumption that image radiance is a
function of surface normal alone. Unfortunately, because surfaces illuminate one another …

In many situations the reflectance function of a surface is approximately linear, and there is
an effielent closed-form solution to the shape-from-shading problem. When boundary …

For general objects, and for illumination from a general direction, we study the constraints on
shape imposed by shading. Assuming generalized Lambertian reflectance, we argue that …

The perception of surface relief from random shading patterns is measured by having
observers adjust three-dimensional local probes, the projections of which are superimposed …

The automated detection of humans in computer vision as well as the realistic rendering of
people in computer graphics necessitates a better understanding of human skin reflectance …