BACKGROUND Light trapped at the nanoscale, deep below the optical wavelength, exhibits
an increase in the associated electric field strength, which results in enhanced light-matter …

Polaritons, resulting from the hybridization of light with polarization charges formed at the
boundaries between media with positive and negative dielectric response functions, can …

Polaritons, originating from the interactions between photons and material excitations, have
attracted attention because of their strong field compression and deeply subdiffractional …

Polaritons—hybrid light–matter excitations—enable nanoscale control of light. Particularly
large polariton field confinement and long lifetimes can be found in graphene and materials …

Phonon polaritons provide useful opportunities, complementary to those provided by
plasmon polaritons, in the study of the interaction of light with matter at small scales. The …

Abstract 2D monolayers supporting a wide variety of highly confined plasmons, phonon
polaritons, and exciton polaritons can be vertically stacked in van der Waals …

Polaritonic modes in low-dimensional materials enable strong light–matter interactions and
the manipulation of light on nanometer length scales. Very recently, a new class of …

The light-induced electronic excitations that occur at the surface of metals—plasmons—
provide the extraordinary ability to confine electromagnetic energy to the subwavelength …

Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures assembled from layers of two-dimensional materials
have attracted considerable interest due to their novel optical and electrical properties. Here …

Polaritons are hybrid excitations of matter and photons. In recent years, polaritons in van der
Waals nanomaterials—known as van der Waals polaritons—have shown great promise to …