In the past decade, polymer electrolyte membrane fuels (PEMFCs) have been evaluated for
both automotive and stationary applications. One of the main obstacles for large scale …

Fuel cell is a promising technique as a renewable source of energy. The beginning and
development of fuel cells started since the early 1800s. Fuel cells can be classified …

Nanostructured materials play an important role in advancing the electrochemical energy
storage and conversion technologies such as lithium ion batteries and fuel cells, offering …

Replacing precious and nondurable Pt catalysts with cheap and commercially available
materials to facilitate sluggish cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key issue in the …

The problem of renewable energy is appealing owing to cumulative power demand, the
randomness of the increasing oil costs, and environmental issues. Amongst the numerous …

Devising cost-effective and high-performance nanocatalysts for the inherently slow oxygen
reduction reaction (ORR) represents a critical hurdle in the commercial improvement of fuel …

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the oldest studied and most challenging of the
electrochemical reactions. Due to its sluggish kinetics, ORR became the major …

Abstract Development of active and durable electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction
(ORR) remains one challenge for the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) …

In this paper, the current technological state of core-shell nanostructured catalysts is
reviewed for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The advantages of core-shell catalysts over …

The ability to tailor the size and composition of metal particles at the nanoscale could lead to
improved or new catalytic properties. This paper reports the results of an investigation of the …