In 1964, Congress enacted Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (" Title VII" or the" Act") to protect
individuals from workplace discrimination on the basis of their race, color, sex, or national …

The application of Title VII is uneven. Courts apply it to employment discrimination across
groups (intergroup discrimination), but are reluctant to do so for discrimination within groups …

Race, Gender, Work, and Choice: An Empirical Study of the Lack of Interest Defense in Title VII
Cases Challenging Job Segregatio Page 1 Race, Gender, Work, and Choice: An Empirical …

The Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII) marked the
beginning of modern, broadly applicable anti-discrimination law. 1 Title VII prohibits …

Courts have gone far during the last fifteen years to ensure black participation'in the ranks of
the work force. Blacks have gained access to industries and crafts traditionally closed to …

In 1989, Kim Crenshaw published an essay entitled" Demarginalizing the Intersection of
Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and …

The theory of disparate impact is the single most important judicial contribution to title VII of
the Civil Rights Act of 1964.'In enacting title VII, Congress extended the constitutional …

The courts have not yet clearly resolved whether Title VII of the Cicil Rights Act of 1964
prohibits compound discrimination, that is, discrimination based on a combination of …

In DeGraffenreid v. General Motors Assembly Division,'a group of black female employees
sued General Motors (" GM") under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, claiming that GM's …

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964'was enacted in response to social injustice in
employment opportunities for minority groups. 2 Thus, Title VII generally prohibits …