Synonymous codons encode the same amino acid, but differ in other biophysical properties.
The evolutionary selection of codons whose properties are optimal for a cell generates the …

Codon usage bias is a universal feature of eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes and has
been proposed to regulate translation efficiency, accuracy, and protein folding based on the …

Sixty-one codons specify 20 amino acids, offering cells many options for encoding a
polypeptide sequence. Two new studies (Cannarrozzi et al., 2010; Tuller et al., 2010) now …

The genetic code is degenerate; thus, protein evolution does not uniquely determine the
coding sequence. One of the puzzles in evolutionary genetics is therefore to uncover …

Codon usage biases are found in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes and have been
proposed to regulate different aspects of translation process. Codon optimality has been …

It is common wisdom that codon usage bias has evolved in the selection for efficient
translation, in which highly expressed genes are encoded predominantly by optimal codons …

Cellular efficiency in protein translation is an important fitness determinant in rapidly growing
organisms. It is widely believed that synonymous codons are translated with unequal …

The advent of ribosome profiling and other tools to probe mRNA translation has revealed
that codon bias—the uneven use of synonymous codons in the transcriptome—serves as a …

Messenger RNA (mRNA) stability and translational efficiency are two crucial aspects of the
post-transcriptional process that profoundly impact protein production in a cell. While it is …

Essential cellular functions require efficient production of many large proteins but synthesis
of large proteins encounters many obstacles in cells. Translational control is mostly known to …