Abstract Type I/III IFNs induce expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes through the
JAK/STAT pathway to combat viral infections. Although JAK/STAT signaling is seemingly …

Abstract IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is critical for the transcription of type I IFNs in
defensing virus and promoting inflammatory responses. Although several kinds of …

Type III IFNs are important mediators of antiviral immunity. IFN-λ4 is a unique type III IFN
because it is produced only in individuals who carry a dG allele of a genetic variant …

Abstract Type I IFN (IFN‐I) is the body's first line of defense against pathogen infection. IFN‐I
can induce cellular antiviral responses and therefore plays a key role in driving antiviral …

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are cysteine proteases that reverse the ubiquitination by
removing ubiquitins from the target protein. The human genome encodes∼ 100 potential …

Abstract Ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) as a negative regulator of the Jak/STAT
signaling pathway plays an important role in the host innate immune response. USP18 has …

Interferon regulatory factors (IRF)-3 and IRF-7 are master transcriptional factors that regulate
type I IFN gene (IFN-α/β) induction and innate immune defenses after virus infection. Prior …

The IFN immune system comprises type I, II, and III IFNs, signals through the JAK-STAT
pathway, and plays central roles in host defense against viral infection. Posttranslational …

Type I interferons (IFNs), as major components of the innate immune system, play a vital role
in host resistance to a variety of pathogens. Canonical signaling mediated by type I IFNs …

Type I (α and β) and type III (λ) IFNs are induced upon viral infection through host sensory
pathways that activate IFN regulatory factors (IRFs) and nuclear factor κB. Secreted IFNs …