Background Prior studies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
had indicated a potential correlation between cadmium (Cd) exposure and reduction in lung …

Abstract Background Exposure to cadmium (Cd) is associated with a reduction in lung
function among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The …

Background: Cadmium is a ubiquitous toxic heavy metal and environmental toxicant.
Inflammation exerts central roles in the process of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Background Some literature indicates an association between exposure to cadmium and
lead and the presence of emphysema and chronic bronchitis, which are the two primary …

Background Cadmium exposure was found to cause a decline in lung function among the
general population, but these findings were limited to smokers and gender differences were …

Abstract According to the World Health Organization, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) was one of the top ten causes of death worldwide in 2019. The ratio of forced …

Background Exposure to hazardous heavy metals such as cadmium and lead has been
associated with several chronic diseases. Heavy metal exposure may contribute to …

Background and Objectives: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized
by persistent airflow limitation and a history of exposure to noxious stimuli. Cigarette …

The etiologies of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain unclear. Cadmium
(Cd) causes both pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema; however, the predictors for Cd …

Aim To assess Vitamin D in subjects with COPD and matched controls and also to study the
variability in serum vitamin D levels with COPD disease characteristics. Materials and …