This chapter summarizes the technical history of the internet. The history of the Western
internet is a chronicle of contradiction. In its predominantly pre-market phase, the internet …

From the Publisher: Just try to imagine the world without the Internet. Yet in the early 1990s,
hardly any of us knew it existed. What even fewer know is that its roots stretch back well into …

One popular history of the Internet begins by quoting a pioneer's hopes that historians would
dispel the myth, already prevalent, that the Internet was invented ''to protect national security …

Fifty years ago, in response to the surprise Soviet launch of Sputnik, the US military set up
the Advanced Research Projects Agency. It would become the cradle of connectivity …

" The ARPA theme is that the promise offered by the computer as a communication medium
between people, dwarfs into relative insignificance the historical beginnings of the computer …

The ways in which historians define the Internet profoundly shape the histories we write.
Many studies implicitly define the Internet in material terms, as a particular set of hardware …

The origins of the Internet are only partially understood. It is often believed that the Internet
grew as a tree from a tiny acorn, the ARPANET network set up in 1969. In this study, we …

It is impossible to place the origins of the Internet in a single moment of time. One could
argue that its roots lie in the earliest communications technologies of centuries and millennia …

It was 1964, the height of the Cold War, and Americans spent their free time building bomb
shelters and stockpiling canned food in preparation for the impending nuclear attack. The …

I was fortunate to be in contact with several primary sources as I wrote this book—people
who played important roles in the development of the online world. Leonard Kleinrock and …