… In this connection it is helpful to introduce the concept of the front of the shock wave, by which
… speak of the nonequilibrium processes occurring behind the front of a shock wave. We are …

… However, the nonequilibrium effects of the incident shock wave are stronger for … nonequilibrium
effect in the boundary layer. We also discuss the relation between nonequilibrium effects …

… Since a shock wave drives the medium far away from … nonlinear effects. In this section
we examine a particular kind of nonlinear effect related to an expansion of the nonequilibrium …

… in tllis chapter to describe nonequilibrium transport associated with shock-wave propagation
in … of nonequilibrium transport processes initially developed by the author for nonequilibrium …

… and to explore the nonequilibrium effect near the shock wave from the molecular …
nonequilibrium effect approach and reviews the research progress of nonequilibrium behavior in …

… nonequilibrium effects around the shock wave are … nonequilibrium velocity distribution
functions in one-, two-, and three-dimensional velocity space are recovered across the shock wave…

… of the shock wave are measured with a Langmuir probe using the hypervelocity shock tube
of … of the electron properties, including the effect of shock-tube radius and spectrum modeling …

… non-equilibrium is … effects of turbulence and thermochemical non-equilibrium have a
significant impact on the flow field organization, wall data, and separation length of the shock wave/…

… standing shock wave represents the simplest flow in which nonequilibrium effects may be …
Experimental measurements of shock waves for diatomic nitrogen were made by Robben …

… behavior of shock waves, particularly in revealing the mechanism of nonequilibrium effects
[… of the physical meaning of nonequilibrium effects occurring in shock waves. Two points are …