AN EXPLOSION OF COMPETITIVE ELECTIONS is one unobtrusive measure of the
transformation of Russian politics in the past half-dozen years. Russian elections have been …

VOTING IS STILL QUITE NEW IN RUSSIA. 1 Voting, that is, in the sense of choosing. Under
the Soviet system there were frequent votes but no opportunity to choose, not just between …

The election of a president is the opposite of electing a parliament. Whereas a Duma with
450 members can collectively represent the diversity of opinion in Russia, only one person …

UNTIL THE GORBACHEV PERIOD, analysis of Soviet election results was of little interest to
the political scientist. We knew what the results would be before polling took place. So …

Despite new incentives brought about by the 2005 electoral reforms in Russia, opposition
parties failed to strategically adapt before the 2007 Duma election. This failure is connected …

Russia's December 1995 parliamentary elections would require formidable powers of
imagination. Liberal parties—defined here as those that stand for the advancement of civil …

Russia's array of political parties, based largely on Moscow-centered personalities with
presidential aspirations rather than coherent policy programs, continued its seemingly …

Free elections blow away the pretensions of dictators to speak for everyone; this was
spectacularly demonstrated after the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989. Although …

The focus of the book is on the seven rounds of parliamentary elections that have taken
place in Russia since 1993. After the chaos that followed the collapse of the USSR, a new …

The 1999 Russian Duma Elections Page 1 THE DIRTY ROAD TO THE DUMA - - - - - - - The
1999 Russian Duma Elections Sarah Oates The 1 999 Russian Duma elections were marred by …