Tryptophan metabolism and brain function: focus on kynurenine and other indole metabolites

F Moroni - European journal of pharmacology, 1999 - Elsevier
The synthesis of NAD (or NADP) from tryptophan involves a series of enzymes and the
formation of a number of intermediates which are collectively calledkynurenines.'In the late …

Tryptophan metabolites and brain disorders

TW Stone, GM Mackay, CM Forrest, CJ Clark… - 2003 - degruyter.com
Tryptophan is metabolised primarily along the kynurenine pathway, of which two
components are now known to have marked effects on neurons in the central nervous …

Kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan: implications for neurologic diseases

A Freese, KJ Swartz, MJ During, JB Martin, MD, PhD - Neurology, 1990 - AAN Enterprises
Over the past 2 decades, a number of studies have demonstrated that amino acids act as
precursors for the biosynthesis of a variety of neuroactive compounds, including …

Kynurenines in the mammalian brain: when physiology meets pathology

R Schwarcz, JP Bruno, PJ Muchowski… - Nature Reviews …, 2012 - nature.com
The essential amino acid tryptophan is not only a precursor of serotonin but is also
degraded to several other neuroactive compounds, including kynurenic acid, 3 …

Modulation of the kynurenine pathway in search for new neuroprotective agents. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of (m-nitrobenzoyl) alanine, a potent inhibitor of …

R Pellicciari, B Natalini, G Costantino… - Journal of medicinal …, 1994 - ACS Publications
The synthesis of (o-nitrobenzoyl)-,(/n-nitrobenzoyl)-, and (p-nitrobenzoyl) alanine (o-, m-,
and p-NBA), three new kynurenine analogues, and their evaluation as inhibitors of …

The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation as a drug target

R Schwarcz - Current opinion in pharmacology, 2004 - Elsevier
In mammalian cells, the essential amino acid tryptophan is degraded primarily by the
kynurenine pathway, a cascade of enzymatic steps containing several biologically active …

The role of kynurenines in disorders of the central nervous system: possibilities for neuroprotection

E Vamos, A Pardutz, P Klivenyi, J Toldi… - Journal of the neurological …, 2009 - Elsevier
The metabolism of tryptophan mostly proceeds through the kynurenine pathway. The
biochemical reaction includes both an agonist (quinolinic acid) at the N-methyl-d-aspartate …

Recent evidence for an expanded role of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in neurological diseases

MD Lovelace, B Varney, G Sundaram, MJ Lennon… - …, 2017 - Elsevier
The kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan metabolism has emerged in recent years as a
key regulator of the production of both neuroprotective (eg kynurenic and picolinic acid, and …

Inhibitors of kynurenine hydroxylase and kynureninase increase cerebral formation of kynurenate and have sedative and anticonvulsant activities

R Carpenedo, A Chiarugi, P Russi, G Lombardi… - Neuroscience, 1994 - Elsevier
Kynurenate is an endogenous antagonist of the ionotropic glutamate receptors. It is
synthesized from kynurenine, a tryptophan metabolite, and a significant increase in its brain …

l-Kynurenine Its synthesis and possible regulatory function in brain

EM Gál, AD Sherman - Neurochemical research, 1980 - Springer
One pathway by which tryptophan is metabolized in the brain as well as in the periphery is
through cleavage of the indole ring to formylkynurenine and then kynurenine. Indoleamine …