Contemporary models of major depression emphasize the role of hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA)-axis hyperactivity and of dysfunctions in the turnover of serotonin (5-HT) or …

Major depression is accompanied by various direct and indirect indicators of a moderate
activation of the inflammatory response system (IRS). Increased production of …

Recent findings have established a connection between inflammation and major depression
and specifically the role of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in depression …

In the research field of psychoneuroimmunology, accumulating evidence has indicated the
existence of reciprocal communication pathways between nervous, endocrine and immune …

Cytokines are pleiotropic molecules with important roles in inflammatory responses. Pro-
inflammatory cytokines and neuroinflammation are important not only in inflammatory …

Objective: The primary focus of this review is to provide an overview of the role of
inflammation in the development of depression. The article will describe how inflammatory …

There is now evidence that major depression is associated with an up-regulation of the
inflammatory response system (IRS). One of the major factors in this IRS activation is the …

BACKGROUND: Recent studies showed an activation of the cytokine system and the HPA
axis in major depression, although with inconsistent results. While the non-melancholic …

Stress is an important precipitant factor in depression, and the changes in various body
systems that occur in depression are similar to those observed in response to stress. This …

Activation of the inflammatory immune system provokes numerous neuroendocrine and
neurotransmitter changes, many of which are similar to those provoked by physical or …