Digitalis is the oldest compound in cardiovascular medicine that continues to be used in
contemporary clinical practice. 1 Evidence supporting the beneficial effects of digoxin on …

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies suggest that inhibition of renin-angiotensin system
with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may …

Objectives: We attempted to compare the effect of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) on atherosclerotic events. Background …

This is the second part of a 2-part article that presents a critical and comprehensive update
of the current evidence for a cardiovascular disease (CVD) continuum based on the results …

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is found in 1.5%–2.0% of Australians. Considered rare in people
aged less than 45 years, its prevalence increases to over 10% in people aged≥ 65 years …

Underlying causes, risk factors, and precipitating causes of heart failure (HF) should be
treated. Drugs known to precipitate or aggravate HF such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory …

Background Numerous studies have demonstrated that activation of the angiotensin II type 1
(AT 1) receptor plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases …

INTRODUCTION: The beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors are generally ascribed to blockade
of neurohormonal activation. However, especially in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients …

Objective To provide updated, evidence-based recommendations for the management of
hypertension in adults. Options and outcomes For lifestyle and pharmacological …

Background—Angiotensin II is a key mediator of diabetes-related vascular disease. It is now
recognized that in addition to angiotensin-converting enzyme, chymase is an important …