Purpose. The clinical benefits, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics, and recommendations for
the appropriate use of the aldosterone antagonists spironolactone and eplerenone in …

We are currently confronted with an epidemic of renal failure caused by diabetic
nephropathy. It has become apparent that blood pressure is a major determinant of the risk …

Because of rapid advances in the treatment of chronic heart failure, four important
guidelines, including those from the European Society of Cardiology, have recently been …

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are a cornerstone of evidence-based medicine. Their
design, implementation, and interpretation are sometimes subject to flaws and errors. To …

Aims More treatments are needed to improve clinical outcomes in chronic heart failure (HF).
It is, however, important that treatments for a condition as common as HF are affordable. We …

Targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), specifically the effector peptide
angiotensin II (Ang II), represents a major opportunity for slowing the progression of …

Abstract Treatment of hypertension with the major available antihypertensive classes results
in a significant improvement in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, there is …

Hypertension in middle-aged or elderly women is often accompanied with various
symptoms, which may be related to climacteric. The symptoms of post-menopausal women …

Chronic heart failure (CHF) has taken on epidemic proportions in the United States, with
approximately 550,000 new cases annually. With the evolution of pharmacotherapy …

Lowering blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients reduces morbidity and mortality.
However the long-term safety of some antihypertensive agents was a matter of concern …