Many patients with heart failure should receive an aldosterone receptor antagonist, ie, either
spironolactone (Aldactone) or the newer agent eplerenone (Inspra)--in addition to an …

Objective Thiazide diuretics are known to induce a transient fall of the glomerular filtration
rate (GFR), which, in turn, reduces tubular Na+ load. This tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) …

Angiotensin receptor blockers are the newest class of antihypertensive agents marketed for
the treatment of hypertension. There is now an important amount of evidence indicating that …

Recent clinical trials have explored whether angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) or
aldosterone blockade should be added to standard angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) …

O tratamento de ICD representa um desafio até mesmo para o médico experiente. Os
avanços alcançados nas pesquisas propiciaram novas opções de tratamento que estão …

Heart failure, a frequent disease in the elderly, has a pejorative prognosis. Clinical diagnosis
is complicated by atypical or difficult-to-interpret symptoms and by the concomitant presence …

Albuminuria and hypertension are predictors of poor renal and cardiovascular outcome in
patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Intensive treatment requires blockade of the renin …

Heart disease and stroke are the most life‐threatening consequences of diabetes mellitus,
with mortality rates up to two to four times higher for persons with diabetes vs. those without …

Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent and morbid chronic disease that patients experience in
stages. Progression through the stages of HF can be slowed with optimal medical therapy …