Biosynthetic gene clusters for epipolythiodioxopiperazines in filamentous fungi

EM Fox, BJ Howlett - Mycological research, 2008 - Elsevier
Epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) are toxic secondary metabolites made only by fungi.
Recent research efforts have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of the toxicity …

The epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) class of fungal toxins: distribution, mode of action, functions and biosynthesis

DM Gardiner, P Waring, BJ Howlett - Microbiology, 2005 - microbiologyresearch.org
Epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) are toxic secondary metabolites made only by fungi.
The best-known ETP is gliotoxin, which appears to be a virulence factor associated with …

Origin and distribution of epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) gene clusters in filamentous ascomycetes

NJ Patron, RF Waller, AJ Cozijnsen, DC Straney… - BMC Evolutionary …, 2007 - Springer
Background Genes responsible for biosynthesis of fungal secondary metabolites are usually
tightly clustered in the genome and co-regulated with metabolite production …

A Zn (II) 2Cys6 DNA binding protein regulates the sirodesmin PL biosynthetic gene cluster in Leptosphaeria maculans

EM Fox, DM Gardiner, NP Keller, BJ Howlett - Fungal Genetics and Biology, 2008 - Elsevier
A gene, sirZ, encoding a Zn (II) 2Cys6 DNA binding protein is present in a cluster of genes
responsible for the biosynthesis of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) toxin, sirodesmin …

Identification and characterization of the verticillin biosynthetic gene cluster in Clonostachys rogersoniana

Y Wang, P Hu, Y Pan, Y Zhu, X Liu, Y Che… - Fungal Genetics and …, 2017 - Elsevier
Verticillin is one of the dimeric epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) which are toxic
secondary metabolites produced only by fungi. ETPs have received substantial attention …

The ABC transporter gene in the sirodesmin biosynthetic gene cluster of Leptosphaeria maculans is not essential for sirodesmin production but facilitates self …

DM Gardiner, RS Jarvis, BJ Howlett - Fungal genetics and biology, 2005 - Elsevier
Epipolythiodioxopiperazine toxins are secreted by a range of fungi, including Leptosphaeria
maculans, which produces sirodesmin, and Aspergillus fumigatus, which produces gliotoxin …

The toxicology of sporidesmins and other epipolythiadioxopiperazines

A Taylor - Microbial toxins, 1971 - books.google.com
In this chapter, the toxicology and some aspects of the chemistry of a group of fungal
metabolites characterized by a bridge of sulfur atoms across a diketopiperazine ring is …

Biosynthetic pathway for the epipolythiodioxopiperazine acetylaranotin in Aspergillus terreus revealed by genome-based deletion analysis

CJ Guo, HH Yeh, YM Chiang, JF Sanchez… - Journal of the …, 2013 - ACS Publications
Epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) are a class of fungal secondary metabolites derived
from diketopiperazines. Acetylaranotin belongs to one structural subgroup of ETPs …

Bioinformatic and expression analysis of the putative gliotoxin biosynthetic gene cluster of Aspergillus fumigatus

DM Gardiner, BJ Howlett - FEMS microbiology letters, 2005 - academic.oup.com
Gliotoxin is a secondary metabolite produced by several fungi including the opportunistic
animal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. It is a member of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine …

Fungal epipolythiodioxopiperazine toxins have therapeutic potential and roles in disease

TW Jordan, SJ Cordiner - Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 1987 - Elsevier
The epipolythiodioxopiperazine toxins are produced by a wide range of fungi. The
compounds in this group inhibit the growth of fungi, RNA viruses and gram-positive bacteria …