A thorough review of laboratory-type research on subliminal stimuli, perception, and
influence—an area still enmeshed in controversy—suggests four conservative …

This paper provides an evaluation of the evidence and arguments advanced in support of
the effectiveness of various subliminal advertising techniques. Such practices are purported …

This article reviews progress to date on research on the effects of subliminal stimulation on
subject populations and potential applications to persuasive communications. Three areas …

This paper provides an evaluation of the arguments and evidence advanced supporting and
denying the effectiveness of various subliminal techniques used in advertising. These …

Claims persist that subliminal messages can have significant effects on motives and
behavior. Among the more dramatic declarations are claims that:(1) subliminal auditory …

Research on perception without awareness has provoked strong emotional responses from
individuals within and outside the scientific community, due in part to the perceived potential …

This article describes three experiments investigating the extent to which subliminal mere
exposure effects arc obtainable not only with simple stimuli but also with complex human …

This reprinted article originally appeared in Skeptical Inquirer, 1992, Spring, 273-81. Recent
reviews of research findings in subliminal perception have provided very little evidence that …

Advertising practitioners have long been the target of charges of unethical conduct
stemming from their supposed use of subliminal techniques, though very few studies have …

Consumer awareness of subliminal advertising and the degree to which they believe that
subliminal messages in media are used to influence people's attitudes and behavior are …