Policies designed to promote the commercialization of university science have provoked
concern that basic and publicly accessible research may be neglected. Commercialization …

Academic bioscience's rising importance for downstream technology and growing private
sector relationships have evoked substantial policy attention. We contribute to the scrutiny …

The realms of science and technology in the life sciences are converging through the
commercialization of university research. Major changes in the mandate of research …

Scholarly work seeking to understand academics' commercial activities often draws on
abstract notions of the academic reward system and the representative scientist. Few …

Based on data from a survey of biological scientists at 125 American universities, this article
explores how the commercialization of the university affects the problems academic …

Analysts assessing the impact of university–industry research relations (UIRRs) and
increasing proprietary behavior on the part of universities often focus on single-indicators or …

The theory of academic capitalism explains how federal, state, and university policies and
people have expanded university–industry relationships (UIRs) and the commercialization …

In recent years, the growing interest of universities in valorization of research activities
(tipically through technology transfer—patenting and licensing—and academic …

Decades of research on the commercialization of scientific discovery has demonstrated its
importance to the economic performance of nations, regions, and firms. Such knowledge …

In this chapter, we review the literature that analyzes how the peculiar missions, rules, and
incentive systems in the scientific community affect the process and outcomes of the …