The efficacy of error mitigation techniques for DRAM retention failures: A comparative experimental study
As DRAM cells continue to shrink, they become more susceptible to retention failures.
DRAM cells that permanently exhibit short retention times are fairly easy to identify and …
DRAM cells that permanently exhibit short retention times are fairly easy to identify and …
The reach profiler (reaper) enabling the mitigation of dram retention failures via profiling at aggressive conditions
Modern DRAM-based systems suffer from significant energy and latency penalties due to
conservative DRAM refresh standards. Volatile DRAM cells can retain information across a …
conservative DRAM refresh standards. Volatile DRAM cells can retain information across a …
Cosmic rays don't strike twice: Understanding the nature of DRAM errors and the implications for system design
Main memory is one of the leading hardware causes for machine crashes in today's
datacenters. Designing, evaluating and modeling systems that are resilient against memory …
datacenters. Designing, evaluating and modeling systems that are resilient against memory …
A study of DRAM failures in the field
V Sridharan, D Liberty - SC'12: Proceedings of the International …, 2012 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Most modern computer systems use dynamic random access memory (DRAM) as a main
memory store. Recent publications have confirmed that DRAM errors are a common source …
memory store. Recent publications have confirmed that DRAM errors are a common source …
ArchShield: Architectural framework for assisting DRAM scaling by tolerating high error rates
DRAM scaling has been the prime driver for increasing the capacity of main memory system
over the past three decades. Unfortunately, scaling DRAM to smaller technology nodes has …
over the past three decades. Unfortunately, scaling DRAM to smaller technology nodes has …
PARBOR: An efficient system-level technique to detect data-dependent failures in DRAM
System-level detection and mitigation of DRAM failures offer a variety of system
enhancements, such as better reliability, scalability, energy, and performance. Unfortunately …
enhancements, such as better reliability, scalability, energy, and performance. Unfortunately …
An experimental study of data retention behavior in modern DRAM devices: Implications for retention time profiling mechanisms
J Liu, B Jaiyen, Y Kim, C Wilkerson… - ACM SIGARCH Computer …, 2013 - dl.acm.org
DRAM cells store data in the form of charge on a capacitor. This charge leaks off over time,
eventually causing data to be lost. To prevent this data loss from occurring, DRAM cells must …
eventually causing data to be lost. To prevent this data loss from occurring, DRAM cells must …
DRAM errors in the wild: a large-scale field study
B Schroeder, E Pinheiro, WD Weber - ACM SIGMETRICS Performance …, 2009 - dl.acm.org
Errors in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) are a common form of hardware failure
in modern compute clusters. Failures are costly both in terms of hardware replacement costs …
in modern compute clusters. Failures are costly both in terms of hardware replacement costs …
Detecting and mitigating data-dependent DRAM failures by exploiting current memory content
DRAM cells in close proximity can fail depending on the data content in neighboring cells.
These failures are called data-dependent failures. Detecting and mitigating these failures …
These failures are called data-dependent failures. Detecting and mitigating these failures …
DRAM errors in the wild: a large-scale field study
B Schroeder, E Pinheiro, WD Weber - Communications of the ACM, 2011 - dl.acm.org
Errors in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) are a common form of hardware failure
in modern compute clusters. Failures are costly both in terms of hardware replacement costs …
in modern compute clusters. Failures are costly both in terms of hardware replacement costs …