Mendelian randomization (MR) is an approach that uses genetic variants associated with a
modifiable exposure or biological intermediate to estimate the causal relationship between …

Mendelian randomization (MR) estimates the causal effect of exposures on outcomes by
exploiting genetic variation to address confounding and reverse causation. This method has …

Confounding and reverse causality have prevented us from drawing meaningful clinical
interpretation even in well-powered observational studies. Confounding may be attributed to …

Observational epidemiological studies are prone to confounding, reverse causation and
various biases and have generated findings that have proved to be unreliable indicators of …

Mendelian Randomization: Methods For Causal Inference Using Genetic Variants provides
thorough coverage of the methods and practical elements of Mendelian randomization …

Abstract Purpose of Review Mendelian randomization (MR) is a strategy for evaluating
causality in observational epidemiological studies. MR exploits the fact that genotypes are …

Mendelian randomization is a framework that uses measured variation in genes for
assessing and estimating the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome. Multivariable …

The methodology and application of Mendelian randomization to study causal mechanisms
in health and disease has developed dramatically over the past decade. New methods …

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a framework for assessing causal inference using cross-
sectional data in combination with genetic information. This paper summarizes statistical …

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method of studying the causal effects of modifiable
exposures (ie, potential risk factors) on health, social, and economic outcomes using genetic …