Long DRAM latency is a critical performance bottleneck in current systems. DRAM access
latency is defined by three fundamental operations that take place within the DRAM cell …

Variation has been shown to exist across the cells within a modern DRAM chip. Prior work
has studied and exploited several forms of variation, such as manufacturing-process-or …

In modern systems, DRAM-based main memory is significantly slower than the processor.
Consequently, processors spend a long time waiting to access data from main memory …

It has become increasingly difficult to understand the complex interactions between modern
applications and main memory, composed of Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) …

DRAM cells store data in the form of charge on a capacitor. This charge leaks off over time,
eventually causing data to be lost. To prevent this data loss from occurring, DRAM cells must …

To understand and improve DRAM performance, reliability, security, and energy efficiency,
prior works study characteristics of commodity DRAM chips. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art …

Over the past two decades, the storage capacity and access bandwidth of main memory
have improved tremendously, by 128x and 20x, respectively. These improvements are …

Main memory, composed of DRAM, is a performance bottleneck for many applications, due
to the high DRAM access latency. In-DRAM caches work to mitigate this latency by …

In current systems, memory accesses to a DRAM chip must obey a set of minimum latency
restrictions specified in the DRAM standard. Such timing parameters exist to guarantee …

Long DRAM access latency is a major bottleneck for system performance. In order to access
data in DRAM, a memory controller (1) activates (ie, opens) a row of DRAM cells in a cell …