Cellular systems evolved from a dedicated mobile communication system to an almost
omnipresent system with unlimited coverage anywhere and anytime for any device. The …

When dedicated positioning systems, such as GPS, are unavailable, a mobile device has no
choice but to fall back on its cellular network for localization. Due to random variations in the …

Accurate location information is crucial for a variety of new verticals and use cases enabled
by 5th generation (5G) wireless networks. While existing localization techniques for cellular …

Wireless positioning determination has received increased attention during the past few
years. Several wireless applications have been envisaged when mobile terminal location …

When fully implemented, sixth generation (6G) wireless systems will constitute intelligent
wireless networks that enable not only ubiquitous communication but also high-accuracy …

This review paper presents within a common framework the mobile station positioning
methods applied in 2G, 3G, and 4G cellular networks, as well as the structure of the related …

Wireless location refers to the geographic coordinates of a mobile subscriber in cellular or
wireless local area network (WLAN) environments. Wireless location finding has emerged …

The availability of location information has become a key factor in today's communications
systems allowing location based services. In outdoor scenarios, the mobile terminal position …

In upcoming 5G networks, key prospects such as increased bandwidth, smaller cells, higher
mobile terminal (MT) densities, multiple radio access technologies, and the capability of …

Finding the location of the mobile phone is one of the important features of the 3G mobile
communication system. Many valuable location-based services can be enabled by this new …