The study of sex differences in the brain is a topic of neuroscientific study that has broad
reaching implications for culture, society and biomedical science. Recent research in rodent …

Establishment of enduring sex differences in brain and behavior occurs during pre-or
perinatal development, depending on species. For over 50 years the focus has been on …

Males and females of many species differ with regard to neurodevelopment, ongoing brain
function and behavior. For many years, it was assumed that these differences primarily …

This article is part of a Special Issue “SBN 2014”. Discerning the biologic origins of
neuroanatomical sex differences has been of interest since they were first reported in the …

Sex differences in the nervous system come in many forms. Although a majority of sexually
dimorphic characteristics in the brain have been described in older animals, mechanisms …

In the past decennia, our understanding of the sexual differentiation of the mammalian brain
has dramatically changed. The simple model according to which testosterone masculinizes …

Brain development diverges in males and females in response to androgen production by
the fetal testis. This sexual differentiation of the brain occurs during a sensitive window and …

Despite decades of research, we do not know the functional significance of most sex
differences in the brain. We are heavily invested in the idea that sex differences in brain …

Understanding the multiplicity of ways in which sex can alter the brain is essential to crafting
policies and treatments that are beneficial for all human beings. This is particularly true for …

The brains of males and females differ, not only in regions specialized for reproduction, but
also in other regions (controlling cognition, for example) where sex differences are not …