Pyrethroid-treated clothing is commonly worn for protection against mosquitoes; pyrethroids
are both insecticides and repellents. Pyrethroid resistance has become increasingly …

Plasmodium sporozoites are injected into the skin as mosquitoes probe for blood. From
here, they migrate through the dermis to find blood vessels which they enter in order to be …

Malaria remains a major public health burden despite approval for implementation of a
partially effective pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine. There is an urgent need to accelerate …

Vaccination is an efficient way to prevent the occurrence of many infectious diseases in
humans. To date, several viral vectors have been utilized for the generation of vaccines …

Introduction Dengue is an important and well-documented public health problem in the Asia-
Pacific and Latin American regions. However, in Africa, information on disease burden is …

A malaria vaccine strategy targeting multiple lifecycle stages may be required to achieve a
high level of efficacy. In two Phase IIa clinical trials, we tested immunogenicity and efficacy of …

Vivax malaria remains one of the most serious and neglected tropical diseases, with 132 to
391 million clinical cases per year and 2.5 billion people at risk of infection. A vaccine …

Background Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) is one of the most
extensively studied malaria vaccine candidates, but the genetic polymorphism of PfCSP …

Differentiation of CD4+ Th cells is critical for immunity to malaria. Several innate immune
signaling pathways have been implicated in the detection of blood-stage Plasmodium …

The US military has been a leading proponent of vaccine development since its founding.
General George Washington ordered the entire American army to be variolated against …