Language representation in the bilingual brain is the result of many factors, of which age of
appropriation (AoA) and proficiency of the second language (L2) are probably the most …

Notwithstanding rising interest, a coherent picture of the brain's representation of two
languages has not yet been achieved. In the present meta-analysis we analysed a large …

Over the past decade, functional neuroimaging technologies such as positron emission
tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging have enabled neuroscientists to …

Neuroimaging studies investigating bilingual processes have produced controversial results
in determining similarities versus differences between L1 and L2 neural networks. The …

There is currently no agreement on which factor modulates most effectively and enduringly
brain plasticity in bilingual individuals. Grouping heterogeneous linguistic profiles under a …

A large body of previous neuroimaging studies suggests that multiple languages are
processed and organized in a single neuroanatomical system in the bilingual brain …

Early acquisition of a second language influences the development of language abilities
and cognitive functions. In the present study, we used functional Magnetic Resonance …

The functional brain network of a bilingual's first language (L1) plays a crucial role in
shaping that of his or her second language (L2). However, it is less clear how L2 acquisition …

Two key factors govern how bilingual speakers neurally maintain two languages: the
speakers' second language age of acquisition (AoA) and their subsequent proficiency …

Here, we review the neural correlates of cognitive control associated with bilingualism. We
demonstrate that lifelong practice managing two languages orchestrates global changes to …