In general chemistry laboratories, students learn practical laboratory skills through hands-on
activities and are exposed to new scientific instruments. However, these instruments are …

Incorporation of previously reported AR technology (ARiEL) for a general chemistry
laboratory was attempted for the second time, a replication effort designed to provide …

The handling of chemicals in the laboratory presents a challenge in instructing large class
sizes and when students are relatively new to the laboratory environment. In this work, we …

Instruction on the design of analytical instrumentation is a critical component of the analytical
chemistry curriculum. To simplify this process and enable students to directly see how the …

The microscopic composition of substances is a piece of essential but abstract knowledge in
chemistry. Junior high school students may experience difficulty in mental representation …

The promotion of spatial skills is essential in chemistry education. However, the process of
acquiring these skills can be monotonous if learning is limited to the memorization of …

The use of augmented reality (AR) in education is an emerging trend aimed at improving
students' learning outcomes and affective factors. This study further investigated the effects …

Augmented reality (AR) technology is increasingly present in chemistry teaching and
learning processes. It is seen as an important pedagogical resource that allows enhancing …

The learning of laboratory skills is essential in science education, but students often get too
little individual guidance in this area. Augmented reality (AR) technologies are a promising …

Traditionally, laboratory practice aims to establish schemas learned by students in
theoretical courses through concrete experiences. However, access to laboratories might …